Did Society Help the BTK Killer Professor Ramos Blog

Did Society Help the BTK Killer On March 9, 1945, one of America’s generally popular and appalling sequential executioners was conceived. One man violently tormented and executed 10 arbitrary casualties. He would wound them on different occasions and much of the time, would choke them with ropes, plastic packs, and belts until they choked. (Crawford). This man was named Dennis Radar and has been known as the â€Å"BTK killer†.â The abbreviation represents â€Å"Blind, torment, and Kill†, which was his technique for slaughtering his casualties. He likewise picked up the name for composing letters to the open namelessly after each murder, closing down with this short name. Dennis Radar experienced childhood in Kansas alongside three different kin. (biography.com Editors). Directly from the bat, Dennis Radar was not a normal resident. At a youthful age he tormented a few creatures and had odd sexual interests with ladies. Rader is genuinely a beast in our general public, however the inquiry lies intensely on the explanations behind his activities. Breaking down Radar’s adolescence in tormenting creatures and mental unsteadiness, his previous activity as a naval force power and what was left after, and his long for consideration in the general population by provoking cops about what he has done can give us a sharp eye of what caused Dennis to turn into a beast in the public eye. The vital reason for Dennis Rader’s grievous acts and beast portrayal could be secured to his intellectually insecure wellbeing that has been excused as a kid. Rader experienced childhood in Kansas alongside three different kin. He had a not too bad family life yet at a youthful age, Rader demonstrated some strange and unsteady attributes. He would torment and hang the felines and mutts at his homestead. (Biography.com staff). These activities show that there is something certainly degenerate about his psyche as of now. On the off chance that quite possibly his companions or family were to see, he’d have the option to get a mediation that could help his wants to grow farther. Moreover, the article likewise states Radar would take women’s clothing and keep them in his room. He additionally conceded that he would fantasize about tormenting and slaughtering ladies. (Crawford). This shows Rader’s character is an exceptionally irregular and prevailing character , particularly towards ladies. The irregular and odd deeds alongside his frightening wants depicts this is a main driver for his activities. In the event that perhaps he could have had help in supporting his wants with the assistance of a mental, it tends to be that these wants and deeds he had would not extend and become further. The psychological shakiness and wants he had is one of the important reasons for his grievous activities. Alongside the BTK Killers adolescence, his past business could be another remote reason for his activities. A narrative equipped towards Radar’s life clarifies that in his business, Radar was enrolled in the naval force power and had a high position. A while later, he quit and turned into a consistence official. (AE narratives). It expresses that the explanation he accepted this position could be because of him fulfilling his wants of being controlling and ground-breaking. During his time here, he was known just like the most â€Å"disrespectful, rough person†. He would offer references to ladies just about the pooches in the area.  In the video on minutes 37:10, a kindred associate of the BTK executioner discusses how Rader would â€Å"look within her home and gaze at her†. He had put down one of the occupants hounds for no specific explanation. This can sustain the way that his previous activity made him feel increasingly predominant and ground-breaking, alon g these lines in the end making him murder.  The previous employment he has had can be a corresponding reason to why he carried out the violations since he had a high situation in the naval force power and after he needed a progressively higher position that can help satisfy and develop his predominant sexual wants. Moreover, after he left the naval force, he was left with no activity. He attempted to enlist back in school yet â€Å"earned nothing higher than a C†. He was left with nothing to do and after, he makes reference to that his dreams have been going crazier than they have ever been previously. This in the end drove him to fulfill those wants and began by gazing at a local couple and imaging him tormenting and murdering them. (Crawford).  This comes to show that the confinement and forlornness of Radar’s life has got him to turn out to be left with only his own contemplations and necessities to feel amazing. He didn't have anything left to engross his wants and soon after that, he submitted his first merciless homicide. This shows having no activity and not being engrossed can be an adequate reason with respect to why he had anticipated the dreams of tormenting and executing residents into the real world. Another explanation with regards to why Dennis Rader submitted his demonstrations and is known as a beast is his long for exposure and consideration. Rader provoked previous cops about what he’s done so as to pick up exposure. For instance, an article investigating Rader’s past states that â€Å"Seeking consideration, Rader sent a letter to the Eagle, assuming liability for an unsolved 1986 murder†. He’d continually convey letters about what he did to the general population and even composed a book. (Rosen, J.).He’d leave notes to open libraries and instruct them to allude to him as the â€Å"BTK killer†. In another companion investigated article, it expresses that â€Å"serial executioners in our general public are treated as celebrities.† (Wiest). Sequential executioners get met, their photos get demonstrated all over the place, and there name gets known simply like famous people. Rader’s name, BTK executioner, was and is know n after the activities he submitted. At that point, â€Å"BTK killer† was notable and talked about. A remote reason for Rader’s activity to turn into a beast could be a result of the exposure he was looking for. The activities of him making a special effort to concede that he did the wrongdoing and conveying letters to open authorities could mean and show he needed to pick up consideration for his activities or conceivably his name known to people in general. This shows this can be a remote reason and one of his fundamental reasons with respect to why he has become today’s beast. He needed consideration, so he slaughtered more individuals. From that point forward, he needed increasingly more consideration. This shows this can be a corresponding reason just as a remote reason into why he is a beast. Dennis Rader fits the meaning of the beast for the activities he has done. In Cohen’s Thesis 4, they express that the beast â€Å"dwells at the entryway of differences†. (pg. 7). For instance, in a short story, it talks about how the beast broke a sexual no-no (pg.9)â and â€Å"embodies sexual practices that must not be submitted, just through the body of a beast. (p. 14). This can correspond with Dennis Raders activities. Rader tormented, blinded, and murdered the entirety of his casualties. It expresses that the greater part of his casualties were ladies and hed find sexual joy in tormenting and slaughtering them. (AE docs). Rader certainly broke a sexual untouchable and something that ought not be submitted, yet he was additionally ready to do it through the body of a beast. For him, the body of a beast was his spread as the BTK Killer. Moreover, Rader fits Cohens Monster proposal 5 on the grounds that the beast polices the fringes of which to cross. It shows what is satisfactory and isn't adequate in the public eye and Raders activities help society show what we can and can not do. By and large, it is clear that Dennis Rader is viewed as a beast today and fits Cohens seven beast propositions. His psychological unsteadiness and prevailing amazing attribute beginning from a kid, his past activity that grew his dreams and wants, and the fallout of his activities and exposure give us a short clarification of what may have established his activities on why he submitted such shrewdness acts. The activities and deeds he has done is still broadly discussed and known in our general public today. He has opened our eyes on wrongdoing by his perniciousness demonstrations. Explained Bib 1.) AE narratives. â€Å"AE Biography the BTK Killer Speaks†. YouTube, transferred by Thomas Day, 13 October 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCtBQQbZD-8 This is a narrative film about Dennis Raders life. They have assembled various reports from a few unique sources and genuine individuals and casualties to discuss Dennis Rader’s life. This narrative examines about Dennis’s life. I will utilize this source so as to help demonstrate why his previous life as work showed proof in him paving the way to his picture today. 2.) Biography.com Editors. (November 16 2017). â€Å"Dennis Rader Biography†. A+E Networks.â   https://www.biography.com/individuals/dennis-rader-241487 This article is about the sequential executioner Dennis Radar, known as â€Å"The BTK Killer†. Itâ talks about how the brain of Radar and what may have hastened his activities inâ â â â â â â â â turning into a sequential executioner. I will utilize this to begin the foundation of what he wentâ through and how I can utilize it to clarify the reason for his activities. The article is credibleâ â â â â â â â â â â because of the source is financed by A+E, a legislature supported program that joins with theâ â â â â adolescent and prison framework. The creator is likewise a sound creator for she has been studyingâ â â â â â â â â wrongdoing and criminology. 3.) Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. â€Å"Monster Culture (Seven Theses)† Speaking of Monsters,â â â â â â â â â â â doi:10.1057/9781137101495.0007. pp. 3-25 The explanation behind utilizing Cohen’s article is to show how Dennis Radar has been alluded toâ â â â â and known as the BTK executioner and a beast. I will utilize this to examine how BTK executioner is viewed as a beast in our general public today and how his activities and characteristics have ledâ â â â â â â â â â â up to him being a beast. 4.

My Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Teaching Teachers Education Essays

My Teaching Philosophy My objective as an educator is to give guidance to all the understudies in my classes. I feel that the procurement of information ought not be done through repetition retention but instead through the improvement of calculated comprehension. I hope to confer content information, yet additionally to give aptitudes that will assist understudies with prevailing in school and in their day by day lives. This I intend to do by showing my understudies to get free, basic masterminds who can take care of issues that they experience. As an instructor, I am like a visit direct on an outing transport, and my understudies resemble the travelers. Similarly as the visit direct gets the passengers’ consideration and brings up significant structures and locales, I need to stand out enough to be noticed and control their learning experience. It is my desire to arrive at each understudy in light of the fact that each understudy is equipped for learning. I believe I can achieve this in the event that I initially propel understudies by getting them intrigued. At that point, I will encourage their learning by controlling them toward finding the appropriate response or securing information. To do as such, I should make things important for the understudies. In the event that I am ready to relate things to my students’ lives, at that point they will be better ready to make associations with what they are realizing. I intend to show excitement for the subject I am instructing in light of the fact that energy is infectious. This will be useful in getting my understudies to like the subject material, which has a far reaching influence on learning. At th...

What is Middleware and How Does it Work

What is Middleware and How Does it Work Today, most business processes have become digitalized, and most organizations have very diverse digital needs.To fulfill these needs, businesses have to use many different hardware and software products.Most of these hardware and software were designed separately. They were not necessarily built to work together.At the same time, organizations need these different hardware and software to work together in order to make digital processes more efficient.Problem is, how do you make them work harmoniously when they weren’t built to work together?This is where middleware comes in.WHAT IS MIDDLEWARE? There are usually two levels on any device.The first one is the operating system, which is the low level software whose main role is to manage the device’s resources and control the device’s basic functions.The second level is the applications that are meant to run on top of the operating system.These applications expand the functions of the device beyond what is offered by the operatin g system.Middleware refers to any behind the scenes software that allows these two levels to communicate and interact with each other.For instance, middleware will sit between Windows 10 and an office productivity suite.Aside from the operating system and applications, middleware also helps separate process, applications and software components to exchange information either within the same device, or between multiple devices.You can compare middleware to a translator helping people who speak different languages understand each other.In this case, middleware facilitates interoperability between applications running on different frameworks. Middleware does this by providing a standard-based means of data exchange.This way, the two applications can connect without having to communicate directly.Some people refer to middleware as plumbing since it connects and passes data between two fundamentally different applications.Middleware has also been referred to as “software glue”, since it helps “glue” together different software so they can work together.The term middleware is a bit vague since it does not refer to a specific type of software. Instead, it refers to any software that sits between and links two separate applications.Middleware includes software like content management systems, application servers, web servers, and other similar tools that support the development and delivery of applications. Middleware started becoming popular in the 80s as a solution for enabling newer applications to work on older systems.To enable communication between different applications, middleware utilizes different communication frameworks such as Representational State Transfer (REST), web services, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), and so on.Modern integration infrastructure such as enterprise service bus (ESB) and API management software also depend on middleware concepts.HOW DOES MIDDLEWARE WORK?Today, businesses rely a lot o n network applications which involve enterprise and database systems.These network applications need to perform many different functions, such as updating orders, messaging customers, facilitating payments, allowing customers to track shipments, and so on.All these functions require real-time transfer of data between different devices.In addition, different devices with varying processing power, bandwidth capacities, and screen and visual display capabilities need to access the network.Middleware steps in to provide a unified means for all these systems to communicate and interact with each other.To do this, a lot of middleware is cross-language, which means that it is capable of understanding and processing several different operating languages, such as Ruby on Rails, Java, C++, PHP, and so on.Apart from allowing communication between fundamentally different systems, middleware also performs several other functions.These include:Hiding the distributed nature of an application. On t he surface, applications appear to be one unified package. Below the surface, however, they are comprised of several interconnected elements running in distributed locations. Middleware helps these different elements work in harmony to provide a unified experience for the user, despite the distributed nature of the application.Hiding the heterogeneity of the enterprise. The enterprise is usually made up of different hardware, different operating systems and different communication protocols. Middleware allows these different systems to work together while masking their differences.Providing application developers with uniform and standard high-level enterprises that they can use to build applications that can be run on different hardware and operating systems and work with each other.Avoiding duplication and enabling compatibility between applications by providing a common framework for performing various general purpose functions.All in all, middleware helps make application develo pment easier. In order to support application development, middleware uses the following components:Database software: Most multi-tier systems will require a database. Middleware acts as the link between the client and the server. It accepts client requests, passes them on to the database server and then passes back the response to the client.Application server: This is the part of the application that holds the business logic of the application.Portal: This is an interaction tool that is used to provide a selected audience with access to business applications, relevant information, instant messaging, discussion forums, and other company resources.Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): This is a framework that is used to easily design, develop and deploy applications. Many types of middleware use SOA with prebuilt services that can be utilized by multiple systems.Web server: The role of the web server is to process and deliver client requests. Web servers provide one of the best and m ost flexible options for the integration of different systems.USES OF MIDDLEWAREWe have already seen that middleware acts as a link between different software.But what exactly does it do apart from acting as a conduit between the different software?Some of the uses of middleware include:Transaction management: Middleware can be used to manage and control individual transactions and ensure that any problems do not corrupt the system or database.Application server: Middleware can be used to host an API, allowing other applications to access and use the main application’s business logic and processes.Security: Middleware can be used to authenticate client programs and confirm that the program and the user behind the program are actually who they claim to be.Message queues: Middleware can be used to pass messages between different systems or software. The messages can then trigger a transaction or other action.Directory: Middleware can be used as a directory, enabling client programs to locate other services within a distributed enterprise.Web server: Middleware can also accept client requests from web browsers and channel them to the main server/database and then deliver the responses to the browsers.TYPES OF MIDDLEWAREAs I mentioned earlier, the term middleware can be used to refer to any software that sits between two different applications.As such, there is a wide variety of what counts as middleware.However, middleware can still be classified into broad categories depending on their particular function. Some of the common types of middleware include:Message Oriented Middleware (MOM)This is software infrastructure that allows messages to be sent and received over distributed applications.Message oriented middleware is one of the most widely used types of middleware. With message oriented middleware, it becomes less complicated to use applications spread over various platforms and working across various operating systems and network protocols.In addition to e nabling the transmission of messages across distributed applications, message oriented middleware also has a queuing mechanism that allows the interaction between the server and the client to happen metachronously in situations where the target node is busy or slow.This prevents the message from getting misplaced while awaiting to get to the server or client. An example of message oriented middleware is email systems.Remote Procedure Call (RPC) MiddlewareThis is a client-server interaction that makes it possible for the functionality of an application to be distributed across multiple platforms.This type of middleware is a protocol that is used by a local program to request a service from a program located on a remote computer without having particulars of network details.This type of middleware is most used to execute synchronous data transfers, where the both the client and the server need to be online at the time of the communication.Database MiddlewareThis type of middleware all ows direct access and interaction with a database. Database middleware is the most common and most widely used type of middleware.It is mostly used by developers as a mechanism to request information from a database hosted either locally or remotely.A good example of database middleware is the SQL database software.Application Programming Interface (API)An API is a set of protocols, tools and definitions for building applications, which allow a secondary application or service to communicate with a primary application or service, without having to know how the primary application or service is being implemented.Object MiddlewareAlso known as an object request broker, the role of object middleware is to control the communication between objects in distributed computing.Object middleware allows one computer to make program calls to another through a computer network.It also allows requests and objects to be sent through an object-oriented system.Transaction Processing (TP) MiddlewareT his is a type of middleware whose role is to reinforce the function of electronic transactions.Transactional middleware does this by controlling transaction apps, pushing database updates related to the transaction and enforcing the business rules and logic of the transaction.Robotic MiddlewareThis type of middleware is very handy when it comes building extensive software systems for controlling robot systems.Robotic middleware helps to manage and control the heterogeneity and complexity of the hardware and software systems that form part of a robot.Integration MiddlewareThis type of middleware provides an integration framework through which operations, executions and runtime services from several apps can be monitored and controlled.Integration middleware can also be useful in combining data from several different sources into one unified platform where users can access and manipulate the data.Application FrameworkThis is a framework that provides the basic structure on which appli cations for a particular environment can be built.The application framework acts as a backbone that supports the application. It also provides a server on which the application will run.Using an application framework makes the application development process a lot simpler.Device MiddlewareThis is a type of middleware that provides a set of tools which are used to build applications meant to be run in a specific hardware environment.Game EnginesThis type of middleware provides game designers with access to tools that make the game creation process easier.Game engines utilize tools such as game scripting, physics simulations, and graphics rendering.PortalsThough they might not actually be a type of middleware, enterprise portal servers are also sometimes referred to middleware because they enable a smooth front-end integration.The main role of portals is to allow interaction between a client device and back end systems.Content-Centric MiddlewareThis is a type of middleware that makes it possible for developers to extract some piece of content without having to know how the system obtains the content.This type of middleware is commonly used in most content-oriented web-based applications.IMPORTANCE OF MIDDLEWAREIf you company relies a lot on data, then you might consider implementing middleware so that you can integrate the data across various applications and systems.Integration makes the flow of data across the various applications a lot easier and allows your company to focus on other important aspects of your business, since you no longer have to spend time on manual processes.Some of the benefits to be gained by implementing middleware include:Improved AgilityToday, businesses need to deliver services to customers across various platforms, including on the cloud, on mobile and through traditional application platforms.Delivering services across all these platforms can be a challenge.At the same time, customers expect a similar user experience regardless of t he platform through which they access services.In order to be able to deliver a seamless user experience, your company’s IT landscape needs to be very agile.Middleware can help provide this agility. It provides a framework that allows changes to be easily made to business processes.This way, the business can easily respond and adapt to customer requirements and expectations and deliver new services much faster.Increased EfficiencyMiddleware technology is very useful when it comes to automating business processes.With middleware, processes such as ordering and product configuration can be automated, leading to time and cost improvements when compared to performing these processes manually.Members of staff who previously performed these processes can be deployed to other tasks.Process automation also reduces the delivery time and makes customer interactions a lot simpler, ultimately increasing the total volume of business.Rapid InnovationToday’s business landscape has become very competitive.Businesses need to drastically shorten their product development cycles so that they can bring new, innovative products and services to the market before their competitors. Implementing middleware technology makes the innovation process much easier and faster.Products and services can be brought to market much faster without an increase in development costs.For instance, one hotel chain used middleware technology from Oracle to provide users with real-time information about room availability and rates directly on Google Maps.Portability and ReusabilityWhile the advanced technology applications being released today make it easier to quickly make changes to business processes, some organizations may still rely on some old legacy organizations.Implementing changes on these old legacy applications can be quite challenging.However, middleware technology can be used to make these old systems more adaptable to changes.This makes it easier to use older systems for new applicatio ns.Additionally, middleware technology is very reusable, since it contains common components that can be utilized in multiple environments.Because of this, an application built on top of certain middleware can be used on multiple platforms, making the application a lot more portable.Cost EffectivenessDue to the use of common components, developing applications on top of middleware technology means less effort is required to build the application from scratch.This can result in significant reductions in both development time and project cost.In addition, the use of middleware to automate business processes can also lead to significant cost savings.Information ManagementInformation management is a crucial aspect of any large organization.Middleware technology can make information management much easier by providing a framework on which an information management system can be designed, built and deployed.EXAMPLES OF COMMON MIDDLEWAREBelow are examples of 3 middleware that are commonly used by enterprises.Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application PlatformThis is a powerful and versatile middleware technology developed by Red Hat Software.This middleware has a solid architectural foundation, with very low memory requirements and very quick startup times.Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform also offers integration with DevOps tools such as Arquillian, Jenkins and Maven.The middleware comes with a “migration center” that makes it very easy to move existing applications to this platform.It also provides a cloud-compatible solution for those who want to make their enterprises more agile.Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform also provides very excellent customer support.Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform costs $8,000 for a 1 year subscription running on 16 CPU cores. You can also get round the clock assistance and support for an extra $4,000.IBM WebSphereThe Websphere Application Server is a high performance middleware platform with a plethora of features. Installing and deploying IBM WebSphere is quite simple.The platform can be used for local, cloud-based and hybrid solutions. The platform is built of strong but flexible architecture that can easily scale as required.One of the greatest advantages of IBM WebSphere is that it can be integrated with other cloud-based IBM products, such as dashDB SQL database service and Watson artificial intelligence.A one year subscription of IBM WebSphere inclusive of support will cost about $14,000 per limited use socket.Oracle WebLogicOracle’s middleware solution is another very popular and very powerful option for enterprise middleware.Deploying applications on Oracle WebLogic is easy and hassle-free, which means lower operational costs.The platform comes with an integration to Oracle’s high performance cross-platform communication architecture, which is christened Enterprise Grid Messaging.WebLogic also offers hassle-free integration with other Oracle databases and applications .The price of an Oracle WebLogic license will vary based on the number of processors or number of users.CHOOSING A MIDDLEWARE PLATFORMThe three examples of middleware we looked at above are some of the most common, but they are not the only ones in the market.There are several other enterprise middleware solutions.With so many to choose from, making the right choice can be a bit challenging.There are many functional and non-functional factors that need to be put into consideration before making the decision, such as development time, interoperability, performance, and so on.There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to choosing enterprise middleware.The right solution will depend upon the applications being deployed by an organization, as well as the organization’s infrastructure.That said, there are some things to keep in mind when evaluating an enterprise middleware solution. These include:Updating the business logic should be easy and fast.The middleware solution should off er seamless back end interaction.It should be able to offer seamless integration between different platforms running on different architecture.Security should be a key consideration. Since middleware will work through the web, there should be a security mechanism to ensure that any secured data passing through web servers cannot get compromised.In the case of message oriented middleware, there should be a message encryption feature to prevent communication from being intercepted. In the case of application servers, there should be a mechanism in place to ensure proper authentication.The middleware solution should have audit functionality such that all activities performed on the platform can be logged and reported.WRAPPING UPThe business environment has become very dynamic, creating the need for organizations to integrate previously independent applications and build enterprise-wide information systems.This integration usually involves getting newer applications to work in harmony w ith older, legacy applications.Middleware makes it possible for these different applications to work together without the need to update the older software, which would be very costly.In addition, in today’s highly competitive business environment, middleware allows businesses to develop and bring new solutions to the market a lot faster.When choosing a middleware solution, you should make the decision based on your organization’s requirements and the type of infrastructure used by your organization.

Father and Son - 1952 Words

The relationship between a father and a son is not solely filled with love but one that can create pain and the sense of longing. This relationship assists in making a boy recognize right from wrong. The author of In Our Time, Ernest Hemingway, cleverly uses short stories to create Nick Adams, a fictional character whose life is analogous to Hemingway himself. Salman Rushdie also writes in parallel to his situations. However, he uses a different approach in his writing style to show the adventure of the protagonist in Haroun and the Sea Of Stories. The authors share common themes, which is failed marriages and the absence of a mother. Through analysis of the novels, one may be able to recognize the different perspectives of both authors on†¦show more content†¦In another story, â€Å"Cross-Country Snow,† Nick shows his notion of fatherhood. In essence, all of Nick’s accounts are parallel to the life of Earnest Hemingway and these stories in particular will show Hemingway’s outlook on the view of paternity. In his foundational story â€Å"Indian Camp,† Hemingway reveals information on the Nick’s relationship with his father. This story initially focuses on Nick’s father’s job. Though unintentional, Henry Adams allows his young child to be exposed to intense situations and concepts before he is able to comprehend their importance (Clark). The amount of importance the doctor gives to his duties and responsibilities is shown during the medical procedure. He stays composed while performing the caesarean birth and put aside his own child’s woe. The story provides an image of a father in apparent control, reassuring his son that they will rescue the damsel in distress (Narbeshuber). In many families, the father usually serves as a provider. However, that quality is not the only factor that measures the success of the father. In most cases, fathers have to leave their homes to earn for the sake of his family while the mother stays back to take care of the hou sehold (Tasten). Since Henry Adams is a doctor, it is safe to assume that his work would require a lot of time out of the house. However,Show MoreRelatedEssay Father and Son984 Words   |  4 PagesFather and Son Just whom is Edmund Gosse’s Father and Son written for? Is it for the Father, or for the Son, or, as Edmund Gosse tells us, for the public, so they can have a record of life in a rigidly religious family? Edmund begins his book by telling you that it is a historical record, an important chronicle that is to be used, basically as a reference for a period of time. Yet, in the first sentence of the first chapter, we can see that this is truly not his purpose. The first wordsRead MoreFathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev1029 Words   |  4 PagesNihilism is the belief that any traditional values, morals, or ideas are unfounded, denying any objective idea of truth, especially moral truths. We see this concept used in the novel Fathers and Sons, by Ivan Turgenev. Turgenev uses the recurring idea of Nihilism to illustrate the development of characters and their change in attitude as the book progresses. He emphasizes character analysis, as well as comparing emotional aspects by usi ng minor characters to alter major characters and their emotionsRead MoreThe Generational Conflict Of Fathers And Sons1382 Words   |  6 PagesYevgeny Bazarov, the main character in Ivan Turgenev’s novel, Fathers and Sons is fascinatingly complex—full of passion and contradictions. Rude and unsympathetic to everyone, including his loving parents, members of his own generation nonetheless respect him greatly for his ideals and intellectual acumen. The generational conflict that is the basis for the novel is most exemplified by Bazarov’s confrontations with Pavel Petrovich, his friend Arkady’s uncle. When viewed as social criticism of theseRead MoreEssay on Ivan Turgenevs Fathers and Sons1000 Words   |  4 Pagescentury. In his pieces, Turgenev shows deep concern for the tangible problems of Russia at that particular time, such as the evolution of peasants and intellectuals, the women question and the hierarchy of Russian population. In his masterpiece Fathers and Sons, Turgenev emphasizes the enormous difference between subsequent generations by describing their distinctive philosophical views and life ideologies. The protagonists of the novel, Arkady and Bazarov, are two graduates who return to their homesRead MoreEssay on Nihilism in Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons1682 Words   |  7 PagesNihilism in Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons has several characters that hold strong views of the world. For example, Pavel believes that Russia needs structure from such things as institution, religion, and class hierarchy. On the other hand, Madame Odintzov views the world as simple so long as she keeps it systematic and free from interference. This commentary will focus on perhaps the most interesting and complex character in Fathers and Sons: Bazarov. Vladimir Nabakov writes that TurgenevRead MoreBook Review : Father And Sons By Ivan Turgenev859 Words   |  4 PagesBazarov v. Pavel Father and Sons by Ivan Turgenev is about two young men returning home from college. In the beginning readers are introduced to Arkady a young man whom on his journey home to his father has brought his friend, Bazarov. From the first meeting Arkady’s family is a little suspicious of Bazarov and have many questions for him and about him. Conversation did not start between the men until the next morning at breakfast. Nikolai (Arkadys father) had a few things to say but the real debateRead More Crime and Punishment, Fathers and Sons, We Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagespoverty stricken young man who discovers a revolutionary theory of the mind of a criminal. Despite his psychological insight, Raskolnikov is alienated from society, and eventually forced to test his theory upon himself. Ivan Turgenev’s Bazarov, in Fathers and Sons (1862), pioneers the anarchistic philosophy of nihilism, depending entirely on science and reason, but ends up falling passionately in love and the n cast out, through death, from the rigidity of thought he held so dear. D-503, the main characterRead More`` Fathers And Sons `` : A Psychological Standpoint, The Primary Reason For Order933 Words   |  4 Pagescollective goods, and such. Freud raises the decentering idea that â€Å"cultural endeavors and the means it employs†¦(are) not worth the trouble†¦(for) the individual will be unable to tolerate (the outcome)†. This pessimistic view is apparent in the novel, Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev and the short stories, The Chicken and The Dinner, from the short story collection namely Family Ties by Clarice Lispector through philosophical discrepancies, societal expectations and patterns in social behavior. With theRead MoreIn the 19th century novel Fathers and Sons, author Ivan Turgenev compliments the theme of the1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 19th century novel Fathers and Sons, author Ivan Turgenev compliments the theme of the generation gap by portraying two divergent paradigms of nihilism and the author’s personal ideology, romanticism. Yevgeny Bazarov’s is used as a representative of nihilism thus epitomizing one side of the spectrum; meanwhile Nikolai Kirsanov serves as a token for romanticism. Both characters experience key tests through character interaction in the novel and thus strive to test their own perspective. ThroughRead MoreFather Son And The Father1353 Words   |  6 Pagesfather son relationship by making the son superior to the father. The chaos of this power dynamic is exemplified when Stevens is asked to restrict his father’s duties around the house, due to his decreasing health. Stevens enters his father’s chambers to deliver the message and recalls dictating The fact is, Father has become increasingly infirm. So much so that even the duties of an under-butler are now beyond his capabilities. His lordship is of the view, as indeed I am myself, that while Father

Supply Chain Management and Ikea - 3458 Words

SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY IN INTERNATIONAL FIRM- IBM Braganà §a, 2014 Contents Introduction 3 Products and services 4 Products and services characteristics influence the logistic/supply chain strategy 5 Key customers and location: 7 Key suppliers and location 7 Distribution channels used 9 Manufacturing facilities and location 11 Warehouses facilities and location 11 Modes of transportation used 12 Figure to represent the entire supply chain 13 Other characteristics of international operations 14 References: 15 Introduction The term, â€Å"logistics,† and its actions originated with the military. In the very beginning logistics applied to the process of supplying equipment and supplies to military. Logistics as a†¦show more content†¦Vision statement: â€Å"To create a better everyday life for the many people†. Mission: â€Å"To offer a wide range of well-designed functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them†. We can recognize the relation between those statements and products characteristics. To meet its vision IKEA provides many well-designed, functional products for the home. Products are standarlized for global market. It prices its products low so that as many people as possible can afford to buy them. In addition to this, they have competitive advantage, which is that IKEA products are different from other company’s products, they are called â€Å"self-assembled† or â€Å"RTA furniture†. Those kind of products can bring a lot of benefits to customer, for example, the â€Å"flat pack† is more convenient to ship or delivery by customers themselves, meanwhile it can save more space and the price is rather cheaper. Further, IKEA is good at implementing economics of scale, meaning that the company is not only able to predict which raw material will be suitable in recent years but also create unique manufacturing process. Also this company is social responsible and this integration of social responsibility intoShow MoreRelatedIkea s Supply Chain Management1143 Words   |  5 PagesAbout IKEA IKEA is a multinational company that designs and sells ready to assemble furniture, home accessories and appliances. IKEA was founded by a 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden in 1943. The Company’s name is an acronym that consist the initials of Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd (his farm) and Agunnaryd (his hometown). In January, 2008 IKEA was listed as the world’s largest furniture retailer. Based upon the march, 2016 stats IKEA owns and operates 384 stores in 48 countries. What is Supply ChainRead MoreAnalyzing Ikea s Growth Of The Firm, Dunning Oli Framework Approach Of Foreign Direct Investment ( Fdi )1325 Words   |  6 Pages(FDI), this essay will also declare several issues may exist in an international business as well as factors should be considered in global supply chain control. Moving on to analyse IKEA s implementation of global supply chain control and emphasize its outsourcing plan, comparing to other corporations what competitive advantage IKEA gain in managing supply chain and outsourcing. Main body: Referring to the leading theories of the firm approach conducted by Edith Penrose (2003) on the endogenousRead MoreIkeas Supply Chain Management1706 Words   |  7 PagesSupply Chain Management in Ikea Ikea is a renowned global furniture retail shop that was established by Kampard Ingvar in 1943(Bartlett, 2006). The business began as a grocery and stationery of mail order and later turned into furniture as its main business. Currently, it has over 292 branches in 34 countries globally. Ikea has been operating on the motto â€Å"better life for everyone†. Ikea focuses basically on good quality of household furniture and low prices of goods. Ikea strives to build a goodRead MoreOutline Of A Business On Ikea1094 Words   |  5 Pages IKEA Aimee Valdes Palm Beach State College Chapter 1: Research Proposal and Introduction Introduction Corporate name, founding date, founding leaders. IKEA, one of the most successful retailers in the world, was established by Ingvar Kamprad, in 1943, in Sweden (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2015). Essential events and critical incidents. In 1948, after adding furniture to IKEA’s product line Kamprad published the first catalog which is distributed free to this day (Hill et.alRead MoreExplain How Each Sector of Industry Is Linked Together Within a Supply Chain?835 Words   |  4 PagesExplain how each sector of industry is linked together within a supply chain? In todays world, supply chain management (SCM) is a key strategic factor for increasing organizational effectiveness and for better realization of organizational goals such as enhanced competitiveness, better customer care and increased profitability. Today, most of the enterprises of a supply chain operate independently. For example, marketing, distribution, production planning, manufacturing, and the purchasing organizationsRead MoreIkea Supply Chain1259 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: IKEA is a privately held, international home products company that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture such as beds and desks, appliances and home accessories. The company is the world s largest furniture retailer. It was founded in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden. As of October 2010, the chain has 313 stores in 38 countries, most of them in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. The word IKEA was an acronym of his name and address: Ingvar Kamprad and ElmtarydRead MoreThe Operation Strategies And Cost Leadership1399 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscusses and explores the operation strategies and cost leadership of both IKEA and Fruity fro-yo and how it relates to business operations. The success of the business will also be assessed through the identified operations strategies that each of the businesses applies into their operations. This results in increased operations efficiency, which is discussed within this business report. Strategic role of management - Cost leadership Cost leadership: Cost leadership refers to the strategiesRead MoreIkea-Value Chain1221 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction IKEA is one of the most successful manufacturing and retail furniture companies operating in today’s global marketplace. IKEA manufacture from the bottom up, top down furniture that offers environmentally friendly, state of the art designed furniture that is both affordable and attractive to its customers via their online, catalogue and worldwide distribution channels, with a logistics network that are low cost footprints with the enforces on cost efficiencies couple with technologyRead MoreIkea Swot Analysis1089 Words   |  5 PagesKStrengths 1. Supply chain strategies. 1.1. Packaging concept. The flat packaging is known of its IKEA which is very effective for transporting products because more products can be shipped at the same time. Consequently, transportation cost will be cheaper. Furthermore, the flat packaging reduces some materials usage. However, it has some weak areas to work on such as protection and unitization. 1.2. New unit load carrier. IKEA has created new carrier which is called â€Å"Loading ledge†, isRead MoreIkea As A Manufacturer And Retailer1715 Words   |  7 PagesIKEA is known as a furniture manufacturer and retailer. The company is world renowned and known globally. It specializes in knockdown and discounted good quality furniture. IKEA was founded in 1943 by an individual by the name of Ingvar Kamprad. He wanted to serve price-conscious neighbors in the location of Southern Sweden. IKEA was based on developing innovated modern designed furniture. IKEA was also had the recourse to produce in mass produces and venturing early into Eastern Europe to build

China’s IT Industry in 1997 Free Essays

A series of strange symptoms of poisoning appeared on a girl Zhu Lin unexpectedly: hair lost, muscles on the face paralyzed, limbs weakened, and words slurred. No one can tell what is the cause. Life is in danger! One of her classmates emailed for help on Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on China’s IT Industry in 1997 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fortunately, the first reply arrived in less than three hours. Afterwards, over 1,500 emails reached her. Most of the replies analysed that Zhu Lin had been thallium poisoned. It is the Internet that has saved her young life! In 1994, there were merely a few universities and institutions on Internet. Now there are over 620 thousand end users in China. The number increased four-fold in 1997 compared with the year before, still booming on an exponential curve, and is sure to go through the limit of one million. Information Technology (IT) industry has become one of the industries developing most quickly in China. Sum (billion) Increase (compared to 1996) Anticipation in 1998 Gross output value RMB 380 25%(3.6 times 1992) RMB 460 Total sales profits RMB 250 15% RMB 300 The Tel exchange capacity of China National Public Tel Net has become the second largest one in the world. Last year, the sales volume of PC broke through three million, which indicated that it had increased by sixty percent than 1996. All the above data depict an exciting success for China — a developing country. She is laboring at curtailing the gap between developed countries and herself. As the modern information technology (IT) develops rapidly with the increase of social demand, the core status of IT in the development of modern business has become more and more stable. IT can provide the information a business needs for efficient operations, effective management and competitive advantage. If information systems do not properly support the strategic objective, they can seriously damage its prospect for survival and success. For a company, out-of-date information of demand leads to an excess or insufficient output; inpromptly-attained information results in the loss of capital for the timeliness of currency, and then emerged an inefficient assignment of the resource of the whole society. At present, this kind of waste engendered by the undeveloped IT industry widely exists in all walks of life in China. It is urgent to prompt the informationalization grade of the nation. The world economy has been turning from industrial economy to information economy. P.R.C. Chairman Jiang Zeming once said, IT is the accelerator and amplifier of the national economy. Therefore, a country’s information industry embodies its power. Developing IT industry becomes a world trend , and a strategic task in many countries. The informationalization degree of the developed country has reached a considerable level. In 1993, US declared â€Å"National Information Infrastructure† (NII). It is expected that by 2000 information super-highway will have connected all the schools, hospitals, libraries. Although there are over 620 thousand end users in China, but compared with the 1.2 billion population, the popularization of Internet in China is much lower than that in US. The rate between cash flow and currency gross is an important index of informationization degree of a country. The lower the proportion, the higher the informationization degree. In American, the proportion is eight percent. But in China, it has reached twenty-five percent. Eighty percent of world information resource is possessed by developed countries which have only fifteen percent of world population. Meanwhile, with eight-five percent of world population, the developing countries occupy only twenty percent of information in the world. In the developed countries such as U.S.A., it is prevalent to operate the enterprise with information flow. Intranet is being considered an effective way of dealing with information. But in many Chinese enterprises, manpower is required to transmit messages. A lot of waste and troubles follow: a considerable loss of time, insufficient or less accurate information and etc. The low degree of informationalization results from the insubstantial basis of China. In China, economic basis is weak, financial capacity is limited, and IT is far behind the developed countries. Because of the great population, there is great divergence among various areas in China. Every country desires to develop IT industry. Especially, developing countries need information innovation to promote the development of economy. But, because of the weakness of economic basis and insufficiency of financial capacity, developing countries often feel its ability is not equal to its ambition. What should be done? We have several ideas as the following: There*s an old Chinese saying â€Å"know your rival and yourself clearly, you*ll triumph every time!† So let us take a look at the pioneer of IT–US first. For about 50 years, the Americans have laid a solid foundation in the field of electronics, computer and communication. The existing network has become an embryo of information superhighways. Both had prompted President Clinton to put forward NII. In contrary to US, China now calls for the infrastructure of information products. The developing country needs the step-by-step measure. As a result, the principle of China National Information Infrastructure was born. This comprehensive and step-by-step image of Information superhighway make it possible that China will be quickly informationalized. The most beautiful picture can be drawn on pure white paper — â€Å"Skip† on technology Science is the common wealth of human being, the developing countries don*t have to build up from nothing. We can step into the first class directly by taking the existing technology. Take Japan for example. After World War ` , she stands up from ruins and almost in no time, it becomes a shining star. Which way did she take? The best in the world. China now has a good chance to learn the lessons of pioneers, she can do the simplest, the most expedient and the most flexible. For instance, China has just started to set up her own network construction. she can take the opportunity to establish the first-class frame and utilize the most advanced hardware and software. As we can see, â€Å"skip† on technology is suitable for the developing countries, A high-rise building is built from the ground An essential characteristic of IT industry is high investment and high production of additional value. However, since financial capacity is far too limited, high investment requires developing countries to select a right way leading to success. Through the course of the development of IT, we can find that, in general, IT is in the stage of growing and application from the 1980s to a long time in the future. Although Japan had great achievement on IT, from 1980s it began to develop some high-tech instead of promoting deeper application, trying to obtain monopoly profit. However, Japan ran counter to the situation of today’s IT and lost its market. The failure of Japan alarms the developing countries: application should be the foundation of the strategy of IT development in developing countries. To promote the innovation, manufacture and application of basic information products, reasonable economic scale should be considered. And it is essential to develop a series of products such as PC, network servers, parallel processing computer system and etc. Cooperation by national and local government –Both central and local initiative should be brought into full play. Now China is building its national information infrastructure through â€Å"Golden Project†(1) and has completed many consequential informationization constructions such as Golden Bridge(2), Golden Card(3), Golden Customs(4), Golden Tax(5) and etc. In the meantime, local informationization projects have quickened their pace. Shanghai information harbor has consummated five information works including information exchange net, science and technology net, community net and etc. Inland provinces and districts such as Henan Province augmented 120 thousand telephone users. The IT industry has been regarded as a pillar industry in more than 20 provinces in China. Competition should be introduced in IT industry to cut down the price . The construction of long-distance trunk line is up to the central government, while local governments manage the branches. Not only big state enterprises but also small town factories should be encouraged to participate in the booming IT industry. To be scientific and strict, there must be a series of laws and regulations. Shanghai Information Harbor grows with laws which the new-born information industries are longing for â€Å"Regulations governing advertisement on the network†, â€Å"Regulations governing EDI† and â€Å"Regulations governing Internet caf*† were formulated. Effective working mode will protect the proper development of the IT industry. Unless troublesome Bill Gates turns into well-behavior or his corporation couldn*t stand firmly on the land of China. If China acts on these ideas, it*s sure to have a splendid future. The business and even the whole society will take on a new look. The telephone lines will reach each home, while the fiber optics will enter the buildings in most cities and towns. Since â€Å"Golden Project† have established the network of all kinds such as business, education, medical care and economy, most things can be done through virtual banks, virtual enterprises, virtual library and so on, even if people stay at home all the time. The advantages the business takes will be conspicuous. The administrative structure will be simplified, the staff will be reduced, the risks of cash will be diminished by EDI, an inexhaustible database will be shared by everyone and will be a strong support of decision-making. The relationships between enterprise and clientele will be as close as fish to water. IT will take the place of some jobs and at the same time, create much more occupations, which brings about that the information industry becomes the biggest industry of the country. A country can benefit a lot from its success in IT industry. Even though the developing countries lack the most advanced technology and sufficient financial support, they can also achieve the goal by attaching importance to the building of IT industry and taking on an appropriate strategy — a step-by-step Omnibus Bill and a skipping tactic of technology. How to cite China’s IT Industry in 1997, Essay examples

The Greenhouse Effect Essays - Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases

The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect occurs when gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and CFCs trap heat in the atmosphere by acting as a pane of glass in a car. ?The glass? lets the sun light in to make heat but when the heat tries to get out the gases absorb the heat. Holding this heat in causes heat waves, droughts and climate changes which could alter our way of living. The main gases that cause the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane which comes mainly from animal manure. Other gases like nitrogen oxide and man made gases called chloroflurocarbons get caught in the atmosphere as well. The decay of animals and respiration are two main but natural sources of carbon dioxide. In my opinion we people of the whole world should try and slow down the emmission of greenhouse gases and/or find ways to balance the gases so the climate doesn't change so rapidly. If it did we would be forced to adapt to the new climate that we brought upon our selves. If we had a international cooperation to put a damper on the production of chloroflurocarbons and slowed down the use of fossil fuels it would dramatically slow down the process of "global warming." Over the last 100 years the global temperatures have been increasing slowly but steadily. Since 1980 the temperature has risen 0.2 degrees C (0.4 degrees F ) each decade. Scientists predict that if we continue putting the same amount of gas into the atmosphere by the year 2030 the temperature will be rising as much as 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees F ) or more per decade. Over all the global temperature could rise anywhere from 5 to 9 degrees over the next fifty years. If the temperatures do rise as predicted several things could happen. The increases of temperature could alter the growth of crops in areas near the equator due to insufficient rain and heat. This could really hurt countries that rely on imported food. With the high temperatures the polar ice caps could melt and cause the sea water level to go up 1 to 3 feet. This increase could take out small islands, coastal cities and some shallow rivers. The Everglades in Florida would be almost if not totally wiped right off the map. The Everglades is the home for many animals and plant life. If it did get flooded, they would all have to move northward across very dry land which they will not be able to endure for very long. When the hot temperatures do spread southward and northward, tropical disease will spread with it. Disease that were down in Mexico will maybe occur in The Carolinas or eventually Vermont. These new diseases will be hard to deal with causing many more deaths and illnesses than before. The financial problem with this is, that the flooding will cause dams to be built and cities to be reconstructed. The shortage of food will cause the price of the food to go up and with all the diseases we will need more medical supplies and workers. All of this combined could and will cost a lot of money if we don't do something about it now. The computer models can?t predict exactly what the climate is going to be in the future, but they can come close to what it will be like down the road. Scientists proved this by predicting with computers what the climate was in the past. Then by looking back in records, they found that the predictions were close to being right. The "Topex" (Topographic Experiment) satellite has been collecting information on the changes of the sea level, and temperatures across the globe and the amount of gases emitted into the atmosphere. Each day the satellite makes 500,000 measurements, each at a different place on the earth. Measurements are all made between 66 degrees north and south latitudes.1 The Cretaceous occurred over 100 million years ago. It was the warmest period we have knowledge of yet. There was so much carbon dioxide in the air that the oceans rose many meters. North America was flooded and split apart into The Greenhouse Effect Essays - Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect occurs when gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and CFCs trap heat in the atmosphere by acting as a pane of glass in a car. ?The glass? lets the sun light in to make heat but when the heat tries to get out the gases absorb the heat. Holding this heat in causes heat waves, droughts and climate changes which could alter our way of living. The main gases that cause the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane which comes mainly from animal manure. Other gases like nitrogen oxide and man made gases called chloroflurocarbons get caught in the atmosphere as well. The decay of animals and respiration are two main but natural sources of carbon dioxide. In my opinion we people of the whole world should try and slow down the emmission of greenhouse gases and/or find ways to balance the gases so the climate doesn't change so rapidly. If it did we would be forced to adapt to the new climate that we brought upon our selves. If we had a international cooperation to put a damper on the production of chloroflurocarbons and slowed down the use of fossil fuels it would dramatically slow down the process of "global warming." Over the last 100 years the global temperatures have been increasing slowly but steadily. Since 1980 the temperature has risen 0.2 degrees C (0.4 degrees F ) each decade. Scientists predict that if we continue putting the same amount of gas into the atmosphere by the year 2030 the temperature will be rising as much as 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees F ) or more per decade. Over all the global temperature could rise anywhere from 5 to 9 degrees over the next fifty years. If the temperatures do rise as predicted several things could happen. The increases of temperature could alter the growth of crops in areas near the equator due to insufficient rain and heat. This could really hurt countries that rely on imported food. With the high temperatures the polar ice caps could melt and cause the sea water level to go up 1 to 3 feet. This increase could take out small islands, coastal cities and some shallow rivers. The Everglades in Florida would be almost if not totally wiped right off the map. The Everglades is the home for many animals and plant life. If it did get flooded, they would all have to move northward across very dry land which they will not be able to endure for very long. When the hot temperatures do spread southward and northward, tropical disease will spread with it. Disease that were down in Mexico will maybe occur in The Carolinas or eventually Vermont. These new diseases will be hard to deal with causing many more deaths and illnesses than before. The financial problem with this is, that the flooding will cause dams to be built and cities to be reconstructed. The shortage of food will cause the price of the food to go up and with all the diseases we will need more medical supplies and workers. All of this combined could and will cost a lot of money if we don't do something about it now. The computer models can?t predict exactly what the climate is going to be in the future, but they can come close to what it will be like down the road. Scientists proved this by predicting with computers what the climate was in the past. Then by looking back in records, they found that the predictions were close to being right. The "Topex" (Topographic Experiment) satellite has been collecting information on the changes of the sea level, and temperatures across the globe and the amount of gases emitted into the atmosphere. Each day the satellite makes 500,000 measurements, each at a different place on the earth. Measurements are all made between 66 degrees north and south latitudes.1 The Cretaceous occurred over 100 million years ago. It was the warmest period we have knowledge of yet. There was so much carbon dioxide in the air that the oceans rose many meters. North America was flooded and split apart into The Greenhouse Effect Essays - Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect occurs when gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and CFCs trap heat in the atmosphere by acting as a pane of glass in a car. ?The glass? lets the sun light in to make heat but when the heat tries to get out the gases absorb the heat. Holding this heat in causes heat waves, droughts and climate changes which could alter our way of living. The main gases that cause the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane which comes mainly from animal manure. Other gases like nitrogen oxide and man made gases called chloroflurocarbons get caught in the atmosphere as well. The decay of animals and respiration are two main but natural sources of carbon dioxide. In my opinion we people of the whole world should try and slow down the emmission of greenhouse gases and/or find ways to balance the gases so the climate doesn't change so rapidly. If it did we would be forced to adapt to the new climate that we brought upon our selves. If we had a international cooperation to put a damper on the production of chloroflurocarbons and slowed down the use of fossil fuels it would dramatically slow down the process of "global warming." Over the last 100 years the global temperatures have been increasing slowly but steadily. Since 1980 the temperature has risen 0.2 degrees C (0.4 degrees F ) each decade. Scientists predict that if we continue putting the same amount of gas into the atmosphere by the year 2030 the temperature will be rising as much as 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees F ) or more per decade. Over all the global temperature could rise anywhere from 5 to 9 degrees over the next fifty years. If the temperatures do rise as predicted several things could happen. The increases of temperature could alter the growth of crops in areas near the equator due to insufficient rain and heat. This could really hurt countries that rely on imported food. With the high temperatures the polar ice caps could melt and cause the sea water level to go up 1 to 3 feet. This increase could take out small islands, coastal cities and some shallow rivers. The Everglades in Florida would be almost if not totally wiped right off the map. The Everglades is the home for many animals and plant life. If it did get flooded, they would all have to move northward across very dry land which they will not be able to endure for very long. When the hot temperatures do spread southward and northward, tropical disease will spread with it. Disease that were down in Mexico will maybe occur in The Carolinas or eventually Vermont. These new diseases will be hard to deal with causing many more deaths and illnesses than before. The financial problem with this is, that the flooding will cause dams to be built and cities to be reconstructed. The shortage of food will cause the price of the food to go up and with all the diseases we will need more medical supplies and workers. All of this combined could and will cost a lot of money if we don't do something about it now. The computer models can?t predict exactly what the climate is going to be in the future, but they can come close to what it will be like down the road. Scientists proved this by predicting with computers what the climate was in the past. Then by looking back in records, they found that the predictions were close to being right. The "Topex" (Topographic Experiment) satellite has been collecting information on the changes of the sea level, and temperatures across the globe and the amount of gases emitted into the atmosphere. Each day the satellite makes 500,000 measurements, each at a different place on the earth. Measurements are all made between 66 degrees north and south latitudes.1 The Cretaceous occurred over 100 million years ago. It was the warmest period we have knowledge of yet. There was so much carbon dioxide in the air that the oceans rose many meters. North America was flooded and split apart into The Greenhouse Effect Essays - Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect occurs when gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and CFCs trap heat in the atmosphere by acting as a pane of glass in a car. ?The glass? lets the sun light in to make heat but when the heat tries to get out the gases absorb the heat. Holding this heat in causes heat waves, droughts and climate changes which could alter our way of living. The main gases that cause the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane which comes mainly from animal manure. Other gases like nitrogen oxide and man made gases called chloroflurocarbons get caught in the atmosphere as well. The decay of animals and respiration are two main but natural sources of carbon dioxide. In my opinion we people of the whole world should try and slow down the emmission of greenhouse gases and/or find ways to balance the gases so the climate doesn't change so rapidly. If it did we would be forced to adapt to the new climate that we brought upon our selves. If we had a international cooperation to put a damper on the production of chloroflurocarbons and slowed down the use of fossil fuels it would dramatically slow down the process of "global warming." Over the last 100 years the global temperatures have been increasing slowly but steadily. Since 1980 the temperature has risen 0.2 degrees C (0.4 degrees F ) each decade. Scientists predict that if we continue putting the same amount of gas into the atmosphere by the year 2030 the temperature will be rising as much as 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees F ) or more per decade. Over all the global temperature could rise anywhere from 5 to 9 degrees over the next fifty years. If the temperatures do rise as predicted several things could happen. The increases of temperature could alter the growth of crops in areas near the equator due to insufficient rain and heat. This could really hurt countries that rely on imported food. With the high temperatures the polar ice caps could melt and cause the sea water level to go up 1 to 3 feet. This increase could take out small islands, coastal cities and some shallow rivers. The Everglades in Florida would be almost if not totally wiped right off the map. The Everglades is the home for many animals and plant life. If it did get flooded, they would all have to move northward across very dry land which they will not be able to endure for very long. When the hot temperatures do spread southward and northward, tropical disease will spread with it. Disease that were down in Mexico will maybe occur in The Carolinas or eventually Vermont. These new diseases will be hard to deal with causing many more deaths and illnesses than before. The financial problem with this is, that the flooding will cause dams to be built and cities to be reconstructed. The shortage of food will cause the price of the food to go up and with all the diseases we will need more medical supplies and workers. All of this combined could and will cost a lot of money if we don't do something about it now. The computer models can?t predict exactly what the climate is going to be in the future, but they can come close to what it will be like down the road. Scientists proved this by predicting with computers what the climate was in the past. Then by looking back in records, they found that the predictions were close to being right. The "Topex" (Topographic Experiment) satellite has been collecting information on the changes of the sea level, and temperatures across the globe and the amount of gases emitted into the atmosphere. Each day the satellite makes 500,000 measurements, each at a different place on the earth. Measurements are all made between 66 degrees north and south latitudes.1 The Cretaceous occurred over 100 million years ago. It was the warmest period we have knowledge of yet. There was so much carbon dioxide in the air that the oceans rose many meters. North America was flooded and split apart into

segregation and discrimination in texas essays

segregation and discrimination in texas essays Segregation and Discrimination that effected Black Texans and Mexican Americans in Texas Historians have described the early twentieth century as the nadir of race relations in this country. Ironically, populism, which tried to create a biracial political coalition, helped to encourage segregation in the south. Attempting to prevent any coalition of blacks and poor white farmers, establishment Democratic politicians frequently demonstrated their Negrophobia by accusing blacks of having inherently inferior racial characteristics and warning that such innate flaws threatened society. There began a move to make African Americans outsiders, governed by political leaders for whom they could not vote and segregated by law and custom into a separate society. The movement largely succeeded. In rural areas of Texas, most blacks did not vote, as they became victims of all white primaries. As black Texans migrated to cities, however, they acquired some voting power. Excluded from political participation, black Texans watched as white officials segregated public facilities. The state legislature in 1910 and 1911 ordained that railroad stations must have separate waiting rooms and separate water fountains and restrooms existed at public facilities. It was virtually impossible for the black citizens to stay at major hotels; to eat in better restaurants, to attend most cultural or other entertainment events unless segregated, inferior seating sections were provided. Vigilante style violence as well as law enforcement agencies upheld the separate and unequal society. Texas ranked third nationally in lynching, as mobs killed over 100 blacks between 1900 and 1910. In 1916, race riots erupted periodically throughout the period. White prejudice included animosity toward black troops in the U.S. Army. Brownville whites objected to the stationing of the all black Twenty fifth Infantry at Fort Brown. They charged that the troops raided the city...

LAs Getty Center by Architect Richard Meier

LA's Getty Center by Architect Richard Meier The Getty Center is more than a museum. It is a campus that encompasses research libraries, museum conservation programs, administration offices, and grant institutions as well as an art museum open to the public. As architecture, wrote critic  Nicolai Ouroussoff, its scale and ambition may seem overwhelming, but Richard Meier, the Gettys architect, handled a daunting task admirably. This is the story of an architects project. The Client By the time he was 23, Jean Paul Getty (1892-1976) had made his first million dollars in the oil industry. Throughout his life, he reinvested in oil fields across the globe and also spent much of his Getty Oil wealth on fine art. J. Paul Getty always called California his home, even though he spent his later years in the UK. In 1954 he transformed his Malibu ranch into an art museum for the public. And then, in 1974, he expanded the Getty Museum with a newly built Roman villa on the same property. During his lifetime, Getty was fiscally frugal. Yet after his death, hundreds of millions of dollars were entrusted to properly run a Getty Center. After the estate was settled in 1982, the  J. Paul Getty Trust purchased a hilltop in Southern California. In 1983, 33 invited architects were whittled down to 7, then to 3. By the fall of 1984, architect Richard Meier had been chosen for the massive project on the hill. The Project Location: Just off the San Diego Freeway in the Santa Monica Mountains, overlooking Los Angeles, California and the Pacific Ocean.Size: 110 acresTimeline: 1984-1997 (Inaugurated on December 16, 1997)Architects: Richard Meier, lead architectThierry Despont, museum interiorsLaurie Olin, landscape architect Design Highlights Because of height restrictions, half of the Getty Center is below ground - three stories up and three stories down. The Getty Center is organized around a central arrival plaza. Architect Richard Meier used curvilinear design elements. The Museum Entrance Hall and the canopy over the Harold M. Williams Auditorium are circular. Materials Used: 1.2 million square feet, 16,000 tons, of beige-colored travertine stone from Italy. The stone was split along its natural grain, revealing the texture of fossilized leaves, feathers, and branches. From the beginning, I had thought of stone as a way of grounding the buildings and giving them a sense of permanence, writes Meier.40,000 off-white, enamel-clad aluminum panels. The color was chosen to complement the colors and texture of the stone, but, more importantly, was chosen from among fifty minutely varied shades as the architect negotiated his color scheme with local homeowners associations.Expansive sheets of glass. Inspirations: In choosing how to organize the buildings, landscaping, and open spaces, writes Meier, I deferred to the sites topography. The low, horizontal profile of the Getty Center may have been inspired by the work of other architects who designed buildings in Southern California: Rudolf SchindlerRichard NeutraFrank Lloyd Wright Getty Center Transport: Parking is underground. Two 3-car, computer-operated trams ride on a cushion of air to the hilltop Getty Center, which is 881 feet above sea level. Why Is the Getty Center Important? The New York Times called it a marriage of the austere and the sumptuous, noting Meiers signature crisp lines and a stark geometry. The Los Angeles Times called it a unique package of art, architecture, real estate, and scholarly enterprise - housed in the costliest art institution ever built on American soil. Architecture critic Nicolai Ouroussoff wrote that it is Meiers culmination of a lifelong effort to hone his version of Modernism to perfection. It is his greatest civic work and an important moment in the citys history. Still, writes critic Paul Goldberger, one feels frustrated because the overall effect of the Getty is so corporate and its tone so even. But doesnt that exactly express J. Paul Getty himself? The esteemed architecture critic Ada Louise Huxtable might say thats exactly the point. In her essay in Making Architecture, Huxtable points out how architecture reflects both the client and the architect: It tells us everything we need to know, and more, about those who conceive and build the structures that define our cities and our time....Zoning restrictions, seismic codes, soil conditions, neighborhood concerns, and many invisible factors required constant conceptual and design revisions....What may look like formalism because of the ordered solutions was an organic process, elegantly resolved....Should there be anything to debate about this architecture if its messages of beauty, utility, and suitability are so clear?...Dedicated to excellence, the Getty Center conveys a clear image of excellence.- Ada Louise Huxtable More About the Getty Villa In Malibu, the 64-acre Getty Villa site was for many years the location of the J. Paul Getty Museum. The original villa was based on the Villa dei Papiri, a first-century Roman country house. The Getty Villa closed for renovations in 1996, but is now reopened and serves as an educational center and museum dedicated to the study of the arts and cultures of ancient Greece, Rome, and Etruria. Sources: Making Architecture: The Getty Center, Essays by Richard Meier, Stephen D. Rountree, and Ada Louise Huxtable, J. Paul Getty Trust, 1997, pp. 10-11, 19-21, 33, 35; The Founder and His Vision, The J. Paul Getty Trust; Online Archive of California; The Getty Center, Projects Page, Richard Meier Partners Architects LLP at www.richardmeier.com/?projectsthe-getty-center; Getty Center Inaugurated in Los Angeles by James Sterngold, The New York Times, December 14, 1997; Getty Center Is More Than Sum of Its Parts by Suzanne Muchnic, The Los Angeles Times, November 30, 1997; It Doesnt Get Much Better Than This by Nicolai Ouroussoff, The Los Angeles Times, December 21, 1997; The People’s Getty by Paul Goldberger, The New Yorker, February 23, 1998 [accessed October 13, 2015]

The intrusion of new technologies into the life-world lies at the Essay

The intrusion of new technologies into the life-world lies at the heart of the story about 20th century modernity - Essay Example For the modern geographer, the nature of time and space, the relationship between technological innovation and social space, the implications of the modern condition in the construction of subjectivity in the context of the technological advancements especially the impact of industrialization and the spread of manufacturing houses in the twentieth century, become essential studies. Use of technology has provided a choice, to act responsibly given the type of tool in hand or, to reject; to choose selectively and communally and to make a conscious choice of weeding out the superfluous and bettering what is perceived to be good (Robinson, 2001). This dissertation shall analyze the advent and progress of industrialization, concept of factories as the spatial basis of modernity, its impact on the society its, especially in relation to the concepts of time and space, and the economic implications, through various perspectives of modern philosophers and geographers like, Max Weber, David Ny e, Michel Foucault, Georg Simmel, Marshall Berman, Henri Lefebvre, to name a few. In the process, it is attempted to study the relevance of their observations, their limitations, drawing attention to their future connotations for the future. The Industrial Revolution: The term 'technology' was born in 1828 and spread with the railroads. The very first of such technologies is the rise of the telegraph system, which allowed important news to be transmitted across the country with rapid speed, and more pointedly the stock quotes, that aided the stock market bloom. Then, the railroad system, that allowed goods and people, to travel around anywhere at a faster pace. The importance of the railways was not only its speed and automation, but that it gave its riders freedom. Nye (1994) has wondered "What better way to measure oneself against nature than through the great works of manufacturing and engineering" Even more speed was achieved with the advent of the petroleum system, which with the use of pipes and railroads, was utilized move products and people. Then the telephone system that allowed people to interact with each other over long distances. This was closely followed by the advent of the electric system, which was deve loped by Thomas Edison, with the aid of Michael Faraday's electric generator. When Edison invented the light bulb, he founded the Edison Electric Illuminating Company of New York. Very rapidly, almost within months, the world was witnessing a great transformation. Consequently, the United States of America and the European nations were being transformed from agricultural societies to those that were industrially dependant societies. Many farmers and other people were giving up the rural life and moving to urban and city areas to find jobs in factories. The Rise of the Factory: The history of technological revolutions in the past two centuries may be said to have started with the Industrial Revolution of 1760-1830, which witnessed the "rise of the factory." (Mokyr, 2001) Actually, there have been numerous precedents for large-scale enterprise and for people working in large plants

Book summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Book summery - Essay Example The two fell in love and took their honeymoon on bicycles. The chapter punctuated with illustrative accounts depicts the nature with which a romantic relationship can be intertwined to brood a healthy work relationship. It peeks with the two expanding the periodic table by discovering two new elements, radium and polonium, which they recognize to be having radioactive properties. In the second chapter of the book, the duo progress with their work on the discovery of the new elements and embark on rigorous laboratory tests to ascertain the chemical properties and worth of the elements. This chapter is presented in a manner of dialogue between the characters giving the reader the significance of love in their relationship. Marie and Pierre Curie recognizes radioactivity as an atomic property leading to a new way of thinking in the scientific era. This earns the lovers a Nobel Prize. This is the point the newspapers mythologizes the story of Marie and Pierre Curie beginning with â€Å"once upon a time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as an indicator of the importance of their scientific discovery. In relation to the current significance of the nuclear technology, the discovery can be appreciated and scorned with equal measure as it has helped in the production of clean energy as well as adding threat to the global peace. Chapter two of the book culminates with the tragic death o f Pierre through a freak accident, opening a new phase of struggle in Marie’s life. Following the death of Pierre Curie, the third chapter, Marie is left alone to jungle multiples of roles. She acts as a mother, a Nobel Prize-winning scientist and a professor. Nevertheless, despite the challenges, she persists in her scientific work and wins a second Nobel Prize in 1911. During this period, Marie falls in love again with a married physicist, Paul Langevin. The love to the physicist reenergizes the work of Marie as the author puts it, â€Å"After four years of steady labor †¦ they

Renewable And Non Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable And Non Renewable Energy Sources The world provides everything to human. The resources make people live better and better. There are many forms of resources; different resources have completely different functions and effects to people. People should protect them because some of them are not renewable. I will introduce the different types of resources, they are renewable or non-renewable and a lot of things about environment in this research. More and more industries are building up in the world. The pollutions are more serious than before. People cannot live without nice environment, so we should get some solutions for those pollutions. If people do not stop making pollutions, the consequences will be horrible and bad to human. Because everything is connected, no one can escape from it. World is our home, we should understand it, respect it and love it. Resources can be separated to be renewable and non-renewable. Or resources can be separated to be those five kinds: mineral resources, energy resources, land resources, water resources and biological resources. Mineral resources: All of minerals are non-renewable resource. Minerals include all materials extracted from the earth. Mineral resources include: Metallic minerals: iron, copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, tin and so onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Non-metallic minerals like limestone, sandstone, sand, clay and so onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ South Africas wealth has been built on the countrys vast resources nearly 90% of the platinum metals on Earth, 80% of the manganese, 73% of the chrome, 45% of the vanadium and 41% of the gold. Energy resources in the world: Coal-Non-renewable. Oil and gas-Non-renewable. Coal, oil and gas are called fossil fuels because they have been formed from the organic remains of prehistoric plants and animals. Thats why they are non-renewable. Except those three kinds of energy resources, most of other energy resources are renewable resources. Name of Energy Resources Non-renewable or Renewable Wind power Renewable Wave power Renewable Solar power Renewable Nuclear power Non-renewable Tidal power Renewable Hydroelectric power Renewable Geothermal power Renewable Bio mass Renewable Pumped storage Renewable Land resources-Renewable Water resources-Renewable Biological resources-Renewable Sustainability of energy resources: Definition: Sustainable energy is about using energy cleverly and using energy generated from pure sources and clean technologies. Using sustainable energy is benefit for humans present and future. Being efficient with our energy will reduce energy bills, reduce the amount of energy we need to produce in the first place and decrease pollutions. In fact, sustainable energy is not just about using renewable energy; perhaps it is about using energy wisely and introducing energy efficiency measures. Energy demand A number of factors are clearly. The worlds population will continue to grow for several decades at least. Energy demand increases faster and faster, and the proportion supplied by electricity will also grow faster still. The main question is how people generate that electricity? According to surveys, these days, 64% comes from fossil fuels, 16% from nuclear fission and 19% from hydro, with very little from other renewable in worldwide. Sources of energy Renewable energy like wind and solar are appropriate first consideration in sustainable development, because apart from constructing the plant, there is no destroy of mineral resources and no direct air or water pollutions. But these free sources cannot be the only option. Renewable sources other than hydro notably wind and solar, are diffuse and unreliable by nature of their occurrence. Except for renewable resources, another most important thing is what resources have most abundant and less polluting. The criteria for any acceptable energy supply will continue to be cost and safety, as well as environmental considerations. Energy resources There is abundant coal in many parts of the world, but with the constraints imposed by concern about global warming, it is likely that these will increasingly their large-scale use for electricity production will be scaled down. Current proposals for clean coal technologies may change this outlook. The main technology involves using the coal to make hydrogen from water by a two-stage gasification process, then burying the carbon dioxide and burning the hydrogen. Elements of the technology are proven but the challenge is to bring the cost of this down sufficiently to compete with nuclear power. Natural gas is also reasonably abundant but is so valuable for direct use after being reticulated to the point where heat is required, and as a chemical feedstock, that its large-scale use for power generation makes little sense and is arguably unsustainable. Fuel for nuclear power is abundant, and if well-proven but currently uneconomic fast breeder technology is used, or thorium becomes a nuclear fuel, the supply is almost limitless. The Hydrogen problems Hydrogen is expected to come into great demand as a transport fuel which does not contribute to global warming. It may be used in fuel cells to produce electricity or directly in internal combustion motors. Fuel cells are at an early stage of technological development and still require substantial, research and development input, although they will be an important technology in the future. Hydrogen may be provided by steam reforming of natural gas by thermonuclear processes, or by electrolysis of water. Advantages and disadvantages of energy resources: Name of energy resources Advantages Fossil fuels Very large amounts of electricity, fairly cheaply. Gas-fired power stations are very efficient. The power station can be built almost anywhere. Wind power Wind is free, wind farms need no fuel. Wave power The energy is free no fuel needed, no waste produced. Not expensive to operate and maintain. Solar power Solar energy is free and no pollutions. Nuclear power Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so its not expensive to make. Produces small wastes. Nuclear power is reliable. Tidal power Once youve built it, tidal power is free. It produces no greenhouse gases or other waste. It produces electricity reliably. Not expensive to maintain. Hydroelectric power Once the dam is built, the energy is virtually free. No waste or pollution produced. Much more reliable than wind, solar or wave power. Geothermal power Geothermal energy does not produce any pollution, and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Once youve built a geothermal power station, the energy is almost free. Bio mass It makes sense to use waste materials where we can. The fuel tends to be cheap. Less demand on the fossil fuels. Pumped storage Little effect on the landscape. No pollution or waste Conclusion: Most of those energy resources have below advantages: No pollution. No waste. Cheap some of them free. Build up stations easily. Power is reliable. Name of energy resources Disadvantages Fossil fuels Burning any fossil fuel produces carbon dioxide, which contributes to the greenhouse effect, warming the Earth. Pollution. Wind power The wind is not always predictable. Suitable areas for wind-expensive. Can kill birds. Wave power Depends on the waves sometimes youll get loads Solar power Doesnt work at night. Very expensive to build solar power stations. Can be unreliable. Nuclear power Although not much waste is produced, it is very, very dangerous. Tidal power A barrage across an estuary is very expensive to build, and affects a very wide area. Only provides power for around 10 hours each day, when the tide is actually moving in or out. There are few suitable sites for tidal barrages Hydroelectric power The dams are very expensive to build. Building a large dam will flood a very large area upstream, causing problems for animals that used to live there. Water quality and quantity downstream can be affected, which can have an impact on plant life. Geothermal power The big problem is that there are not many places where you can build a geothermal power station. You need hot rocks of a suitable type, at a depth where we can drill down to them. Bio mass Collecting or growing the fuel in sufficient quantities can be difficult. We burn the biofuel, so it makes greenhouse gases just like fossil fuels do. Some waste materials are not available all year round. Pumped storage Expensive to build. Once its used, you cant use it again until youve pumped the water back up. Conclusion: Most of those energy resources have below disadvantages: Build up stations is expensive. Danger. Not easily to get power. Sometimes, bad weather will affect it. Pollution. Problems with resources: The major resources problems around the world: Natural resources are being degraded. The oil, the water, the old growth forests are all limited resources. They must be conserved for the most important future uses. Oil is necessary for the operation of all sorts of machinery, yet it is not being conserved but recklessly pumped out of the earth and sold to the highest bidder. Forest resources. In the early history, the earth is approximately 2/3 of the land is covered by forests. The area of forest nearly 76 million hectares. Now, world only has 36 hectares of forests because deforestation and forest clearing. The fresh water shortage. Human consumption of freshwater is increasing rapidly; it causes serious shortage of water resources. The freshwater resources on the earth are limited, and distribution is not balanced. Water shortages became very important problem to restrict many countries economy development especially the agricultural production. Drinkable water is increasing rare; indeed, it is sold in stores for the same price of colas. But underground water is needed for crops, and the underwater reserves are running out. Here, national and international management are required. Plowland decreases. Due to the population growth and the non-agricultural population increases, the land is almost zero. Meanwhile, many area face soil erosion and desertification of land degradation. Every year millions of hectares of arable land about loss. Desertification. The reasons are overgrazing, deforestation denudation and drought. Problem with resources in South Africa: The South African mining industry has been consistently churning out some of the worlds foremost natural resources, including precious metals such as gold and platinum. The world leader in platinum production, South Africa is suffering from an energy shortage. Two major shortages of resources are water and electricity in South Africa. Solutions: Firstly, citizens should save water and electricity. Secondly, South Africa government sets up more stations and use high developed technologies to use energy resources produce water and electricity. Finally, if SA does not have high technologies, it needs to buy them from other countries or scientists should start to make plans. Effect of mining on the environment: Mining has strong power to destructive to the environment. It is one of the main reason which causes of deforestation. In order to mine, people clear and burn trees and vegetations. The ground becomes completely bare, large scale mining operations use huge number of bulldozers and excavators to extract the metals and minerals from the soil. In order to cluster the extractions, they use chemicals such as cyanide and mercury. These chemicals go through tailings and are often discharged into rivers, streams, bays, and oceans. These pollutions contaminate all living organisms within the body of water and ultimately the people who depend on the fish for their main sources of protein and their economic livelihood. Small scale mining is equally devastating to the environment, if not more. There are two types of small scale mining ¼Ã…’land dredging and river dredging: Land dredging involves miners using a generator to dig a large hole in the ground. They use a high pressure hose to expose the gold-bearing layer of sand and clay. The gold bearing slurry is pumped into a sluice box, which collects gold particles, while mine tailings flow into either an abandoned mining pit or adjacent forest. When the mining pits fill with water from the tailings, they become stagnant water pools. These pools create a breeding ground for mosquitoes and other water-born insects. Malaria and other water-born diseases increase significantly whenever open pools of water are nearby. River dredging involves moving along a river on a platform or boat. The miners use a hydrolic suction hose and suction the gravel and mud as they move along the river. The gravel, mud, and rocks go through the tailings (pipes) and any gold fragments are collected on felt mats. The remaining gravel, mud, and rocks go back into the river, but in a different location than where it was originally suctioned. This creates problems for the river. The displaced gravel and mud disrupt the natural flow of the river. Fish and other living organisms often die and fishermen can no longer navigate in the obstructed rivers. Think about the fact that producing a single gold ring generates 20 tons of mine waste. Disadvantages of mining: It destroys forest and wetlands. It may mean that you have to cut down lots of trees just to get to the spot that has all the gold or iron ore. Underground coal mining can require the removal of almost an entire layer of material deep under the surface. When the timber supports collapse, this can lead to subsidence. The subsidence can mean damage to natural areas. It can even cause cracks in river beds, leading to loss of river flow. Some mining involves the inadvertent dispersal of heavy metals, such as lead, into the atmosphere. This can have serious health effects, including mental retardation in children. Asbestos mining causes the dispersal of asbestos into the environment. This will cause deaths among local residents and workers, often several decades later. Fortunately, the mining and use of asbestos are banned in most parts of the world. Industry and its exploitation of the resources: Gold: Gold is one of the most important roles in South Africas economy. A number of different techniques can be used to mine gold. The three most common methods in South Africa are panning, open cast and shaft mining. Panning Panning for gold is a manual technique that is used to sort gold from other sediments. Wide, shallow pans are filled with sand and gravel from river beds that may contain gold. Water is added and the pans are shaken. Open cast mining This is a form of surface mining. Surface layers of rock and sediments are removed so that the deeper gold rich layers can be reached. This type of mining is not suitable if the gold is buried very deep below the surface. Shaft mining South Africas thin but extensive gold reefs slope at an angle underneath the ground, and this means that some deposits are very deep and often difficult to reach. Shaft mining is needed to reach the gold ore. After the initial drilling, blasting and equipping of a mine shaft, tunnels are built leading outwards from the main shaft so that the gold reef can be reached. Iron: Iron is one of the most abundant metals on Earth. It is extracted from iron ore and is almost never found in its elemental form. Iron ores are usually rich in iron oxide minerals and may vary in colour from dark grey to rusty red. Iron mining and iron ore processing: One of the more common methods of mining for iron ore is open cast mining. Open cast mining is used when the iron ore is found near the surface. Once the ore has been removed, it needs to be crushed into fine particles before it can be processed further. As mentioned earlier, iron is commonly found in the form of iron oxides. To create pure iron, the ore must be smelted to remove the oxygen. Definition Smelting Smelting is a method used to extract a metal from its ore and then purify it. Smelting usually involves heating the ore and also adding a reducing agent (e.g. carbon) so that the metal can be freed from its ore. The bonds between iron and oxygen are very strong, and therefore it is important to use an element that will form stronger bonds with oxygen that the iron. A blast furnace is a huge steel container many metres high and lined with heat-resistant material. STEP 1: Production of carbon monoxide. STEP 2: Reduction of iron oxides takes place in a number of stages to produce iron. STEP 3: Fluxing: The flux is used to melt impurities in the ore. Phosphate: A phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid. Phosphorus is seldom found in its pure elemental form, and phosphate therefore refers to a rock or ore that contains phosphate ions. Mining phosphates: Phosphate is found in beds in sedimentary rock, and has to be quarried to access the ore. A quarry is a type of open pit mine that is used to extract ore. In South Africa, the main phosphate producer is at the Palaborwa alkaline igneous complex, which produces about 3 million tons of ore per year. The ore is crushed into a powder and is then treated with sulfuric acid to form a superphosphate, which is then used as a fertilizer. In the equation below, the phosphate mineral is calcium phosphate. Coal: Coal is what is known as a fossil fuel. How coal is removed from the ground? Coal can be removed from the crust in a number of different ways. The most common methods used are strip mining, open cast mining and underground mining. Strip mining Strip mining is a form of surface mining that is used when the coal reserves are very shallow. The overburden (overlying sediment) is removed so that the coal seams can be reached. These sediments are replaced once the mining is finished, and in many cases, attempts are made to rehabilitate the area. Open cast mining Open cast mining is also a form of surface mining, but here the coal deposits are too deep to be reached using strip mining. One of the environmental impacts of open cast mining is that the overburden is dumped somewhere else away from the mine, and this leaves a huge pit in the ground. Underground mining Undergound mining is normally used when the coal seams are much deeper, usually at a depth greater than 40 m. As with shaft mining for gold, the problem with underground mining is that it is very dangerous, and there is a very real chance that the ground could collapse during the mining if it is not support. Pollution due to industry: Pollutants produces and the environment impact on the lithosphere and atmosphere include nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AlfedPalmersmokestacks.jpg/260px-AlfedPalmersmokestacks.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution Major primary pollutants produced by industries include: Sulfur oxides Nitrogen oxides (NOx) especially nitrogen dioxide are emitted from high temperature combustion. Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless, non-irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Carbon dioxide (CO2) a greenhouse gas emitted from combustion but is also a gas vital to living organisms. It is a natural gas in the atmosphere. Many of the largest polluters come from the chemical, pesticide, oil refining, petrochemical, metal smelting, iron and steel, and food processing industries. All are major users of energy that produce large amounts of waste products and pollution. Other industries have less potential impact but are still considered highly problematic when it comes to pollution. These industries include the textile, leather tanning, paint, plastics, pharmaceutical, and paper and pulp industries. Industries that are often outside the traditional manufacturing sector-but nevertheless contribute to environmental degradation-include the construction industry. Atmosphere: Air pollution is produced by industry. The plan sets overall national fixed emissions caps for industrial pollutants causing smog and acid rain. Air pollution can result in poor air quality, both in cities and the countryside. Some air pollutants make people sick, causing breathing problems and increasing the likelihood of cancer. Others are harmful to plants, animals, and the ecosystems in which they live. Some air pollutants return to Earth in the form of acid rain, which corrodes statues and buildings, damages crops and forests, and makes lakes and streams unsuitable for fish and other plant and animal life. Man-made air pollution is also changing the Earths atmosphere so that it lets in more harmful radiation from the Sun. Meanwhile, people release more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, preventing heat from escaping back into space and leading to a rise in global average temperatures. Global warming will raise sea levels and change climates all over the world. Some places will become hotter and drier, others wetter. The incidence of severe storms and flooding is likely to increase. Global warming will also affect food supply and increase the spread of tropical disease. Lithosphere: The lithosphere is the solid shell of a rocky planet called earth. That means the crust and the upper part of the mantle which is joined to the crust (see picture on the right). Under the lithosphere there is the asthenosphere, the weaker, hotter, and deeper part of the upper mantle. Nitrogen cycle: Four processes participate in the cycling of nitrogen through the biosphere: nitrogen fixation, decay, nitrification and denitrification Nitrogen Fixation The nitrogen molecule (N2) is quite inert. To break it apart so that its atoms can combine with other atoms requires the input of substantial amounts of energy. Decay The proteins made by plants enter and pass through food webs just as carbohydrates do. Nitrification Ammonia can be taken up directly by plants usually through their roots. However, most of the ammonia produced by decay is converted into nitrates. This is accomplished in two steps: Bacteria of the genus Nitrosomonas oxidize NH3 to nitrites (NO2à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢). Bacteria of the genus Nitrobacter oxidize the nitrites to nitrates (NO3à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢). Both soil and the ocean contain archaeal microbes, assigned to the Crenarchaeota, that convert ammonia to nitrites. Denitrification The three processes above remove nitrogen from the atmosphere and pass it through ecosystems. And denitrification reduces nitrates to nitrogen gas, thus replenishing the atmosphere. Carbon cycle Carbon exists in the nonliving environment as: Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and dissolved in water, carbonate rocks. Carbon enters the biotic world through the action of autotrophs like plants and algae, that use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide to organic matter. Links to photosynthesis and to a small extent, chemoautotroph bacteria and archaea that do the same but use the energy derived from an oxidation of molecules in their substrate. Carbon returns to the atmosphere and water by respiration, burning and decay. Greenhouse effect Greenhouse effect is always be treated as negative terms. The negative concerns are related to the possible impacts of an enhanced greenhouse effect. This is covered in more detail in the Global Climate Change section of this Web site. It is important to remember that without the greenhouse effect, life on earth as we know it would not be possible. While the earths temperature is dependent on greenhouse-like action of the atmosphere, the amount of heating and cooling are influenced by several factors is like greenhouses are affected by some factors. In the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the type of surface that sunlight first encounters is the most important factor. Grasslands, forests, ocean surfaces, deserts, and cities all absorb, reflect, and radiate radiation differently. Sunlight falling on a white glacier surface strongly reflects back into space, resulting in minimal heating of the surface and lower atmosphere. Sunlight falling on a dark desert soil is strongly absorbed, on the other hand, and contributes to significant heating of the surface and lower atmosphere. Cloud cover also affects greenhouse warming by both reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the earths surface and by reducing the amount of radiation energy emitted into space. The consequences of pollution around the world and South Africa: All of land pollution, air pollution and water pollution can affect wildlife, plants, and humans in a number of ways, such as: Lead to birth defects. Cause various kinds of cancers. People cannot eat fish and any animals. People cannot breathe. People cannot live anymore. The consequences like people build up industries, industries make pollution, and people cannot live because of pollutions. Solutions: People should be educated and made aware about the harmful effects of littering Items used for domestic purposes ought to be reused or recycled. Personal litter should be disposed properly. Organic waste matter should be disposed in areas that are far away from residential places. Inorganic matter such as paper, plastic, glass and metals should be reclaimed and then recycled. Decreases amount of industries. Save water. Plant trees and flowersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Conclusion and recommendation: Through this research, I think that humans activities effect environment a lot. People cannot live without good environment, everything is connected to human. People should respect environment and set a good relationship with it. According to this research, people will get some knowledge of resources such as the kind of energy resources, are whether renewable or non-renewable and how to exploit mineral resources. People will realize how much hurt they have made to environment. This research is worth to do and read; it teaches and tells people the truth of the world. Bibliography and Acknowledgements: http://www.bing.com/search?q=consequence+of+pollutionsrc=IE-SearchBox http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9ie=UTF-8oe=UTF-8bar=13tn=baofengyingyin_cb http://www.travel-university.org/general/geography/mineral-resources/ http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/index.htm http://tongfuzb.blog.163.com/blog/static/301218772007112422653429/ http://www.invest.net.cn/country/news/news_index.asp?id=85 http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/sectors/energy.htm http://people.bath.ac.uk/hssam/sauner/mainresults.html http://www.bing.com/search?q=effect+of+mining+on+the+environmentsrc=IE-SearchBox http://www.bing.com/search?q=industry+and+its+exploitation+of+the+resourcessrc=IE-SearchBox http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Atmosphere/Older/Pollution.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_effect_does_mining_have_on_the_environment